भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के प्रथम संग्राम का घटनाक्रम

यहाँ भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के प्रथम संग्राम की प्रमुख घटनाएँ एवं उनकी तिथियाँ दी गयीं हैं।

कालक्रम

1857

१८५७ की घटनाएँ
तिथि	घटना
26 फरवरी	बहरामपुर के १९वीं इन्फैन्ट्री के सिपाहियों ने रायफल चलाने का अभ्यास करने से मना कर दिया।
29 मार्च	At Barrackpore, in Bengal, Mangal Pandey wounds two British mutiny of 34th Native Infantry
31 March	19th Native Infantry disbanded .
8 अप्रैल	मंगल पाण्डे को फांसी दी गयी
24 April	Troopers of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry at Meerut refuse orders to fire greased cartridges
2 May	Unrest at Ambala, 48th Mutiny at Lucknow
6 May	Part of the 34th Native Infantry disbanded at Barrackpore
8 May	Troops of the 3rd Bengal Light Cavalry found guilty by court-martial and given severe sentences
10 May	Mutiny and Murders at Meerut, troops head towards Delhi
11 May	Europeans, and Christians slaughtered in Delhi
13 May	Bahadur Shah II proclaimed new Mughal emperor. British disarm the garrison at Lahore
17 May	Delhi Field Force, under George Anson, advances from Ambala
22 May	Peshawar garrison disarmed
20-23 May	Part of 9th Native Infantry mutiny at Agra
27 May	Anson dies of cholera;replaced by Major-General Sir Henry Barnard
30 May	Mutinies at Muttra and Lucknow
31 May	Rohilkhand and Bhurtpore Army mutinies
5 June	Cawnpore 2nd Cavalry Mutinies
6 June	Cawnpore Siege begins, Mutiny at Allahabad
7 June	Wilson and Barnard meet at Alipur
8 June	Battle of Badli-ki-Serai; Massacre at Jhansi
11 June	Lucknow Police rebel; Neill arrives at Allahabad
25 June	Nana Sahib offers terms at Cawnpore
27 June	Satichaura Ghat Massacre at Cawnpore
30 June	British defeat at Chinhat; Lucknow Residency besieged
1 July	इन्दौर में विद्रोह
2 July	Arrival of Bakht Khan at Delhi
4 July	Sir Henry Lawrence dies at Lucknow
5 July	General Barnard dies of cholera;Major-General Thomas Reed succeeds as commander of the Delhi Field Force
7 July	Havelock's force leaves for Cawnpore
12 July	Brigadier-General Sir Henry Havelock defeats rebels at Fatehpur, en route to Cawnpore
15 July	Massacre of women and children in the Bibighar at Cawnpore.
15 July	Havelock defeats rebels at Aong and Pandu Nadi, near Cawnpore.
16 July	Nana Sahib defeated in first battle for Cawnpore
17 July	Sir Archdale Wilson replaces the ailing Reed as commander of the Delhi Field Force
27 July	Siege of Arrah starts
29 July	Havelock's victory at Unao
30 July	First relief of Arrah fails
31 July	Lord Canning issues his controversial 'Clemency' resolution, by which he advises against the execution of mutineers not convicted of murder
3 August	Siege of Arrah ends after action by Major Vincent Eyre
5 August	Havelock's victory at Bashiratganj
13 August	Havelock withdrawal to Cawnpore ;Colin Campbell, Anson's successor as Commander-in-Chief of India,arrives at Calcutta
14 August	John Nicholson arrives at Delhi Ridge
16 August	Havelock victory at Bithur
17 August	Major William Hobson defeats a large body of rebel cavalry near Rohtak
4 September	Siege train, proceeding from Punjab, arrives in the British camp outside Delhi
5 September	Sir James Outram's arrival at Cawnpore
14 September	Wilson's assault on Delhi begins, Nicholson wounded
19 September	Havelock and Outram march to Lucknow
20 September	Delhi captured and cleared of rebel troops
21 September	William Hodson captures King of Delhi
22 September	Hodson executes Mughal princes
23 September	Nicholson dies of wounds
25 September	First relief of Lucknow
10 October	Agra mutineers defeated
9 November	Kavanagh escapes from Lucknow
14-17 November	Second relief of Lucknow by Campbell
19 November	Women and children evacuated from Lucknow
22 November	British withdraw from Lucknow
24 November	Havelock dies of dysentery
26-28 November	Windham defeated at second battle of Cawnpore
28-30 November	Campbell reaches Cawnpore to join Windham
6 December	Tantia Tope defeated at third battle of Cawnpore
Sources: www.britishempire.co.uk and Saul David, The Indian Mutiny

1858

१८५८ की घटनाएँ
तिथि	घटना
6 January	Campbell reoccupies Fategarh
16 January	Hugh Rose begins campaign in central India
February	Campbell opens separate campaign for reconquest of Oudh
3 February	Rose relieves Saugor after a seven-month siege
2 March	Campbell returns to Lucknow
21 March	Last rebels removed from Lucknow
1 April	Dividing his force,Rose defeats a numerically superior army under Tatya Tope on the river Betwa
3 April	Jhansi captured and sacked
15 April	Walpole defeated at Ruiya
23 April	Rose enters Kalpi
5 May	Campbell victory at Bareilly
7 May	Rose defeats large force under Tantia Topi and the Rani of Jhansi at Kutch
22 May	Rose wins at Kalpi;end of operations in Rohilkhand; start of guerrilla warfare
28 May	Rao Sahib, Tantia Topi, the Rani of ]hansi and the Nawab of Banda enter Gwalior State with the remnants of their force and seize Gwalior on 1 June
5 June	Death of the Maulvi
12 June	James Hope Grant wins at Nawabganj in the final decisive battle in Oudh
17 June	Battle of Kotah-ki-Serai, death of Rani of Jhansi
19 June	Battle of Gwalior
2 August	Queen Victoria approves bill transferring administration of India from the East India Company to the Crown
1 November	Royal Proclamation replacing East India Company with British Government and offering unconditional pardon to all not involved in murder or the protection of murderers
Source: www.britishempire.co.uk

1859

Events of 1859
Date	Event
4 January	Various Oudh leaders, including Nana Sahib, forced into the Nepal Terai by Hope Grant
7 January	Operations in Oudh declared officially over.
29 March	Bahadur Shah found guilty
7 April	Tatya Tope betrayed to the British,
18 April	Tatya Tope executed.
8 July	Peace officially declared.^[1]^[2]
Source: www.britishempire.co.uk

इन्हें भी पढ़ें

Fremont-Barnes, Gregory (2007). The Indian Mutiny 1857-58. Osprey Publishing. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 1-84603-209-1.

सन्दर्भ

↑ Prichard, Iltudus Thomas (1869). The Administration of India from 1859-1868: The First Ten Years of Administration Under the Crown. London: Macmillan & Co.
↑ Buckland, Charles Edward (1901). Bengal under the lieutenant-governors (v.01): being a narrative of the principal events and public measures during their periods of office, from 1854-1898. Calcutta: S K Lahiri.

[1] Prichard, Iltudus Thomas (1869). The Administration of India from 1859-1868: The First Ten Years of Administration Under the Crown. London: Macmillan & Co.

[2] Buckland, Charles Edward (1901). Bengal under the lieutenant-governors (v.01): being a narrative of the principal events and public measures during their periods of office, from 1854-1898. Calcutta: S K Lahiri.

[1]

[2]