संगणक सहायित अनुवाद
संगणक सहायित अनुवाद (computer-assisted translation / CAT) किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा किया गया ऐसा अनुवाद है जिसमें कम्प्यूटर प्रोग्रामों की भी सहायता ली जाती है। इससे भिन्न मशीनी अनुवाद की प्रक्रिया में सम्पूर्ण अनुवाद प्रक्रिया में मानव का कोई हस्तक्षेप नहीं होता। कुछ उन्नत प्रकार के मशीन सहायित अनुवादों में नियंत्रित मशीन अनुवाद का सहारा लिया जाता है।
विभिन्न रूपों में संगणक-सहायित-अनुवाद
संगणक सहायित अनुवाद एक विस्तृत एवं अस्पष्ट संज्ञा है। बहुत सरल उपकरणों (प्रोग्राम) से लेकर बहुत जटिल सॉफ्टवेयर इसका उपयोग कर सकते हैं। कुछ उदाहरण निम्नलिखित हैं-
- शब्दावली प्रबन्धक
- सी-डी रॉम पर शब्दकोश (एकभाषिक या बहुभाषिक)
- शब्दावली का डेटाबेस - सीडी रॉम पर या इन्टरनेट पर)
- पूर्ण-पाठ खोजी उपकरण (Full-text search tools) या इंडेक्सर्स
- कांकार्डैंसर्स (Concordancers)
- द्विपाठ (Bitexts) - इसका प्रचलन अभी हाल में आया है।
- परियोजना प्रबन्धन के सॉफ्टवेयर
- अनुवाद स्मृति प्रबन्धक (Translation memory managers (TMM)) औजार
- ऐसे अनुवाद तंत्र जो लगभग स्वचालित हैं किन्तु संदिग्ध अनुवाद की स्थितियों में वे मानव अनुवादक द्वारा निर्णय का विकल्प भी प्रदान करते हैं।
CAT उपकरणों की तुलना
(यहाँ औजारों को उनके रोमन नाम के क्रम में रखा गया है; पहले नि:शुल्क औजार और बाद में सशुल्क औजार रखे गये हैं।)
| उपकरण | स्वीकार्य फाइल फॉर्मट | परिचालन तंत्र (OS) | मूल्य | लाइसेंस |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anaphraseus | ODT, all OpenOffice Writer formats (DOC, TXT etc.) | Multiplatform (StarBasic macro) | GPL | |
| Attesoro | Java properties | Multiplatform (Java) | GPL | |
| gtranslator | PO | POSIX | GPL | |
| Okapi Framework | PO, Windows RC, TMX, Wordfast, Trados, Java Properties, Regular-expression-based text, Illustrator, INX, ResX, Table-type files, XML | Multiplatform (Java) | GPL | |
| HTML, XHTML, DocBook, Plain Text, PO, JavaHelp, Java Resource Bundles, OpenDocument (ODF), OpenOffice, StarOffice, Office Open XML, HTML Help Compiler (HCC), INI files | Multiplatform (Java) | GPL | ||
| BEYTrans[मृत कड़ियाँ], Author: Youcef BEY | HTML, XHTML, Plain Text, PO, PHP Array, Java Resource Bundles, HTML Help Compiler (HCC) | Multiplatform (Java) | GPL - Free open crowdsourcing translation; Online non-commercial translation | |
| OmegaT+ | HTML, XHTML, DocBook, Plain Text, PO, JavaHelp, Java Resource Bundles, OpenDocument (ODF), OpenOffice, StarOffice, Office Open XML, HTML Help Compiler (HCC), INI files | Cross-platform (Java) | GPL | |
| HTML, XHTML, DocBook, Plain Text, OpenOffice, Office Open XML | Multiplatform (Java) | EPL | ||
| Open Language Tools | HTML/XHTML, XML, DocBook SGML, ASCII, StarOffice/OpenOffice/ODF, .po (gettext), .properties, .java (ResourceBundle), .msg/.tmsg (catgets) | Multiplatform (Java) | CDDL | |
| Poedit | Gettext PO | Multiplatform | MIT license | |
| Pootle | Gettext PO, XLIFF, OpenOffice GSI files (.sdf), TMX, TBX, Java Properties, DTD, CSV, HTML, XHTML, Plain Text | Multiplatform (Python) | GPL | |
| Transolution | HTML, StarOffice/OpenOffice, XLIFF, DOCBOOK | Multiplatform (Python) | GPL | |
| Virtaal | XLIFF, Gettext PO and MO, TMX, TBX, Wordfast TM, Qt .ts. Many others via converters in the Translate Toolkit | Multiplatform (Python) | GPL | |
| Proprietary solutions | ||||
| ABBYY Aligner | DOC, DOCX, TXT, RTF, PDF, HTML, PPT, PPTX, PPS, PPSX, XLS, XLSX | Windows | Contact for pricing | Proprietary |
| AppleTrans | HTML, RTF, Plain Text (TXT) | Macintosh, Mac program | Free | Proprietary |
| across | MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, HTML, XML, RTF, Plain Text (TXT), EXE, RC, DLL, QuarkXPress, Adobe FrameMaker (MIF), Adobe InDesign, MSI, INI, OCX, SCR, CPL, NLS, RESX | Windows, web application | Freelance version: free, corporate licenses on inquiry | Proprietary |
| AidTransStudio | OpenOffice,MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Word, MS Word Xml, HTML, ASP, PHP, ASPX, Plain Text, XML, Trados TTX, TMX, Custom Format (config based on Regular Expressions) | Windows (.NET) | Basic Edition: Free, Pro and Ent See price list | Proprietary |
| AnyMem 2.0 | MS Word, TMX export-import | Windows | €89 | Proprietary |
| Araya | HTML, XML, plain text, RTF, TMX, XLIFF | Multiplatform (Java) | €400 / Server €6500 | Proprietary |
| CafeTran | Plain Text, HTML, XML, OpenOffice, MS Office, AbiWord, Kword, TMX, TTX, XLIFF | Multiplatform Windows - Mac OS - Linux (Java) | €80 | Proprietary |
| CatsCradle | HTML, CSV, Help contents and index files (.hhc, .hhk) | Windows | €60 | ? |
| Déjà Vu (DVX) | XML, Plain Text, OpenOffice, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe PageMaker, ASP, Interleaf/Quicksilver, InDesign, Help Content, SGML, MS Access, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, MS Word, QuarkXPress, RTF, Resource files, C/C++/Java source files, Java Properties, JavaScript, VBScript, GNU gettext | Windows | Standard: €490, Pro: €990, Workgroup: €1490 | Proprietary |
| Felix | MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint (for Windows); HTML | Windows | $US 350 | Proprietary |
| Fusion | MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint (for Windows); RTF, XML, HTML - Note: Native Office Support which means Translation conducted within the Office environments (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) + Trados and Wordfast Tagged formats | Windows | Proprietary | |
| Globalsight | Text ANSI / ASCII / Unicode for Windows, Text for Apple Macintosh, HTML, XML (ASP.NET, ASP, JSP, XSL), SGML, SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), MS Word for Windows, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, RTF, RC, QuarkXPress, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe PageMaker, Interleaf /Quicksilver, Adobe InDesign | Multiplatform (Java) | Apache License 2.0 | |
| Google Translator Toolkit | HTML, Microsoft Word, OpenDocument Text, Text, Rich Text, SubRip, SubViewer, Wikipedia | Web application | Free | Proprietary |
| Heartsome Translation Suite | HTML/XHTML, XML, Plain Text, OpenOffice, StarOffice, AbiWord, PO/POT (GNU Gettext), SVG, Adobe FrameMaker (MIF), Adobe InDesign, DocBook, DITA, Java Properties, JavaScript, RTF, Tagged RTF, Trados TTX, MS Office 2003 XML, ResX (Windows .NET Resources), RC (Windows C/C++ Resources), MS Office 2007 (beta) | Multiplatform (Java) | See price list. | Proprietary |
| Lingotek Translation Platform | HTML, XHTML, XML, MS Word, MS Excel, MS Powerpoint, OpenOffice/StarOffice, OpenDocument (ODF), OpenDocument Text (.odt), OpenDocument Spreadsheet (.ods), OpenDocument Presentation (.odp), Microsoft Resource (.rc), Rich Text Format (.rtf), Plain Text (.txt), Java Properties (.properties), Gettext PO, TMX, XLIFF | Web application | Contact for Pricing | Proprietary |
| Lingo | HTML, XML, Adobe Framemaker, Adobe PDF (.pdf), .net, MS Word (.doc), MS Ecma (.xps), TMX (.tmx) | Windows 2000 SP4, XP SP2, Vista; .NET Framework 2.0, Internet Explorer 5.5, SQL Server 2005 | US $ 899 | Proprietary |
| LocaleMinder.com | Java Properties (.properties), XML, TMX, XLIFF, W3C ITS | Web application | Based on number of words for developers. Free for translators. | Proprietary/Apache License 2.0 interaction library |
| LogiTermWeb | Word, Excel, PowerPoint, WordPerfect, PDF, HTML, RTF, plain text | Windows | Proprietary | |
| memoQ | HTML, XML - with real-time preview, plain text, MS Office 2000/XP/2003/2007 formats (doc, xls, ppt, docx, pptx - all with real-time preview), RTF, bilingual RTF (Trados compatible), XLIFF, Star Transit XV and NXT projects, Trados TTX, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe Indesign, proprietary bilingual format (MBD), TMX, CSV, TSV, SRX, PDF (exported as plain text) | Windows | 4Free: Freeware translator standard: €99 translator pro: €620 serverFive: ask | Proprietary |
| MEMOrg | HTML, XHTML, XML, MS Word, MS Excel, RTF | Windows, Web Application | Access by invitation only | Proprietary |
| MetaTexis | HTML, XML, Resource files MS Word (all kinds of text files that can be imported by MS Word), MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe PageMaker, QuarkXPress | Windows | Lite: for free Pro: €98 NET/Office: €138 | Proprietary |
| MultiCorpora MultiTrans | HTML, XML, MS Word, MS Excel, MS Powerpoint, WordPerfect, QuarkXPress, Adobe Maker Interchange Format (MIF), Adobe InDesign | Windows | Proprietary | |
| Fortis Revolution Translation Suite | TMX, HTML, XML, Word, Framemaker, Pagemaker, InDesign, Resource files, Help files, text files, source code, and more. Customized filters are available upon request. | Windows | $US 199 | |
| ppp.helper | MS PowerPoint | Windows | €39 | Proprietary |
| Rainbow | HTML, XHTML, Scripts, Photoshop, etc. | Windows (.NET) | Freeware | Proprietary |
| SDL Trados | Features 3 translation environments: dedicated TagEditor, MSWord Interface, SDLX. Additional filters for translating with TagEditor available: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, OpenOffice, InDesign, QuarkXPress, PageMaker, Interleaf, Framemaker, HTML, SGML, XML, SVG, .... Includes SDL MultiTerm for terminology management and Project Management Dashboard for automating tasks and tracking. | Windows | €795 (freelance) - €4995 (LSP) | Proprietary |
| SecureCottage Reference Portal | HTML, XHTML, PHP, CGI, most web pages | Web based | Free for use | Proprietary |
| SEER English Spanish Translator | MS Office Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Plain Text, HTML | Windows | $US 299 | Proprietary |
| Similis | HTML,XML, PDF,MS Word, OpenOffice, Trados | Windows | Rental - 360 € per year | Proprietary |
| STAR Transit | Text ANSI / ASCII / Unicode for Windows, Text for Apple Macintosh, Corel WordPerfect, HTML, XML (ASP.NET, ASP, JSP, XSL), SGML, SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics), MS Word for Windows, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, RTF y RTF for WinHelp, RC, QuarkXPress, Adobe FrameMaker, Adobe PageMaker, Interleaf /Quicksilver, Adobe InDesign, XGate para QuarkXPress, AutoCAD | Windows | Proprietary | |
| Swordfish | XLIFF, HTML/XHTML, XML, Plain Text, OpenOffice, StarOffice, AbiWord, PO/POT (GNU Gettext), SVG, Adobe FrameMaker (MIF), Adobe InDesign (INX), DocBook, DITA, Java Properties, JavaScript, RTF, Trados Tagged RTF, Trados TTX, MS Office 2003 XML, ResX (Windows .NET Resources), RC (Windows C/C++ Resources), MS Office 2007 | Multiplatform Windows - Linux - Mac OS X (Java) | €200 | Proprietary |
| Sysfilter (ECM engineering) | Sysfilter enables you to transfer texts from your files to a word processor of your choice or into XML. After the translation you can use the filter to automatically reinsert the texts into the original document. Supported formats: Adobe Illustrator, Indesign, Photoshop, MS Visio, MS Excel, CorelDraw | Windows | € 69 - € 349 | Proprietary |
| Termbases | ? | Web application | Free | Proprietary |
| Tr-aid | ? | ? | ? | ? |
| TranslateCAD | It Extracts text from AutoCAD DXF drawings (Version 2000-2008) and prepares files to work with any CAT tool, and re-joins files to generate a target DXF translated file. | Windows | $US 29.95 | Proprietary |
| TransSearch | Any text copied on the web form | Web application | $CA 129.95 | Proprietary |
| Translation Search Engine (by Elanex) | Any format that can be copied and pasted onto a web page, TMX | Web application | Free Web Access | Proprietary |
| Web Translate It | Gettext .po/.pot, Ruby .yml (Ruby on Rails), XLIFF, Java .properties/.xml, Qt .ts, JSON, Apple .strings (Macintosh, iPhone and iPad), Android .xml, BlackBerry .rrc, HTML, XHTML, Microsoft .resx, plain text, Markdown, Textile, PHP .ini. | Web application | From 0 to 149€ / month | Proprietary |
| Wordfast | MS Office Word, Excel, PowerPoint (for Windows and Mac); tagged documents | Microsoft Office Word addin | €300/150 | Proprietary |
| WordFisher | MS Word | WordBasic\Ms Office Word macro | Free Licence | Proprietary |
| XTM Enterprise Suite | XLIFF, HTML/XHTML, XML, Plain Text, OpenOffice, StarOffice, PO/POT (GNU Gettext), SVG, Adobe FrameMaker (MIF), Adobe InDesign (INX), DocBook, DITA, Java Properties, JavaScript, RTF, Trados Tagged RTF, Trados TTX, MS Office 2003 XML, ResX (Windows .NET Resources), RC (Windows C/C++ Resources), MS Office 2007, built completely on Open Standards: TMX, TBX, XLIFF, SRX, xml:tm, W3C ITS | Web application | ||
इन्हें भी देखें
- मशीनी अनुवाद (मशीन ट्रांसलेशन)
- अनुवाद स्मृति (ट्रांसलेशन मेमोरी)