आयुर्वेद में प्रयुक्त जड़ी-बूटियाँ तथा खनिज
आयुर्वेद की औषधियाँ मुख्यतः जड़ी-बूटियों में खनिज मिलाकर बनायी जाती हैं।
आयुर्वेदिक औषधियाँ निम्नांकित प्रकार की होती हैं -
- Fresh juice of herbs
- चूर्ण : Fine powdered herbs, used as medicine taken with water or food for internal and external uses
- तैल : Herbs cooked in edible oil according to rules laid down for internal and external uses
- अर्क : A distillate obtained from herbs
- रसौषधि या खरलीय रसायन : Herbs mixed with metals, minerals and animal ingredients
- भस्म : Ashes
- पर्पटी : Combinations of metals, minerals, animal ingredients and herbs
- गुग्गुल Medicaments based on Guggul (a herb)
- लौह भस्म : Mandoor Bhasam : Iron based medicaments
- बटी/गुटिका/गोली : Mixtures of medicines shaped in pills, pillules or tablets for ease of administration
प्रायः प्रयुक्त वनस्पतियाँ एवं खनिज
(Names ref.)[1]
| Botanical (Latin) Name | Common (English) Name | Sanskrit Name | Therapeutic Use, Functions or Properties (According to Ayurveda) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acacia concinna | Acacia | Shikakai | For bilious affliction, jaundice, malarial fever, flatulence. Used as a mild laxative. |
| Acacia nilotica | Indian Gum Arabic Tree | Babool | For gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea, diarrhoea, dysentery, diabetes. Used as a demulcent. Is styptic and astringent. |
| Acorus calamus | Sweet Flag | Vacha | For ague, habitual constipation, atonic dyspepsia, flatulence, paralytic nervous affliction, colic, epilepsy, dropsy, glandular diseases, rheumatic swellings, and children's teething ailments. Is a bitter tonic. |
| Adhatoda vasica | Malabar Nut | Vasaka | For bronchitis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma. Supports lung functions. Has immune system-boosting properties. |
| Aegle marmelos | Bael Tree | Bael | For intestinal problems, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory conditions of bowels. Is anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory, and is a digestive. |
| Allium sativum | Garlic {Chinese: 大蒜}[2] | Lahsuna | Used to control excess conversion of lipids and cholesterol. |
| Aloe vera | Indian Aloe {Chinese: 芦荟} | Kumari | For ophthalmic disorders, hepatospleenomegaly, spleen and liver disorders, cysts, poisons, hydrocele, kaphha fever, vata dosha, and anomalies of blood, glands and skin. Used as a mild laxative and tonic. Increases semen quality. |
| Andrographis paniculata | Green chirayta | Yavatika | For malaria fever, enlargement of liver, chronic and obstinate fever, dropsy, edema, constipation, and infant disorders such as diarrhoea, colic, vomiting. Used as an appetiser. |
| Anethum graveolens | Indian dill | Satahva | For abdominal colic, intestinal colic, ophthalmic disorders, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and body pain. Is analgesic, anti-febric, vermifugal and is a digestive. Used as an appetiser. |
| Asparagus racemosus | Asparagus {Chinese: 天门冬} | Shatavari | To nourish the female reproductive system. Promotes lactation. |
| Azadirachta indica | Neem | Neem | For skin disorders. Has blood purifying and immune-boosting properties. Is an anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agent. |
| Bacopa monnieri | Bacopa | Brahmi | Improves alertness. Is an anti-anxiety agent. |
| Benincasa hispida | Winter melon | Kushmanda | Used as a food for vigour, to nourish body and to purify blood. It is an appetiser, is easy to digest, and removes constipation. It is used to normalise bowel movements and is a remedy for mental disorders, epilepsy, mania, psychological disorders and other mental conditions. |
| Betula utilis | Himalayan Birch | Bhurjapatra | For ear disorders, bile disorders, anomalies of blood, psychological disorders. Has anti-obesity and anti-toxin functions. |
| Boerhavia diffusa | Boerhaavia | Punarnava | For efficient kidney and urinary functions, urinary tract infections. |
| Capsicum annuum | Red Pepper | Katuvira | Used to arouse the digestive fire, remove kaphha dosha, produce burning sensation, remove indigestion. It is anti-cholera, and helps to heal obstinate wounds. It removes hoarseness, sleepiness and perversion of taste. Used to treat loss of senses and weak pulse conditions. |
| Cassia fistula | Golden Shower Tree | Aragvadha | FRUIT-BODY:Is a mild laxative. Used to treat fever, cardiac (heart) problems, Rakta Pitta, hematemesis, hemorrhages, arthritis, vatavyadhi, colic, acidity and acidic eructations. Roots are strongly purgative, and should not be used alone. |
| Cedrus deodara | Deodar Cedar | Devadaru | Bark and stem: creates sweating, urination, anti-vata, eliminates skin disorders, anti-febril, anti-edema, arthritis, joint pain, joint swelling, antitussive, vermifugal, blood and urine anomalies. |
| Cinnamomum camphora | Camphor {Chinese: 樟脑} | Karpoora | Used in kaphha, thirst, obesity, burning sensations, throat problems, intestinal worms, mouth freshener, analgesics, antitusive, antipyeratic, excessive sweats. Beneficial in small quantity [50 mg] for low blood pressure and asthma. |
| Citrus grandis | Pomelo | Mahanimbu | Vata-kaphha nashak, mild laxative, digestive, appetiser, loss of appetite, abdominal colic, worms, vomiting, nausea. |
| Citrus limon | Lemon {Chinese: 柠檬} | Nimbaka | Use as food for increased taste, increased hunger, digestive, help to pass abdominal wind, flatus. |
| Citrus medica | Citron {TCM: 佛手} | Bijapura | In heart disorders, abdominal colic, Gulma (abdominal tumors), vomiting, nausea, indigestion, haemorrhoids. |
| Commiphora wightii | Indian Bdellium Tree | Guggulu | For rheumatism, nervous diseases, glandular and scrofulous diseases, and chronic wounds that do not heal easily. Used as a tonic, demulcent, emmenagogue and stimulant. Is anti-spasmodic and a blood purifier. |
| Cucumis sativus | Cucumber | Trapusha | Diuretic, useful in haematamesis, haemorrhages, bleeding, cold in nature, as a food for renal stone patient. |
| Cuminum cyminum | Cumin | Shvetajiraka | SEEDS: smell increasing the taste of food, increased taste, appetiser, Cholagogue, useful in abdominal colic, flatulence, wind formation, offensive flatus, vermifugal, dysentery, diarrhoea, Gulma (abdominal tumors), indigestion, inflammatory condition of bowels, renal calculus, gonorrhoea, obstruction of urine, nausea, vomiting. |
| Daucus carota | Carrot | Garjira | Seeds: useful in flatulence, renal disorders, pathophysiology of small and large intestines, salpingitis, impotence, female genital disorders, Root: vermifugal, spleenomegaly, physical weakness, cholecystitis, problem before delivery, cardiac problems, piles, colic burning sensation, asthma, hiccough, mouth freshener. Externally for burns, abscess. |
| Eclipta alba | Thistles {TCM: 墨旱莲} | Bhringaraja | Juice: useful to teeth, skin and hairs, indicated for the treatment of Kaphha-vata disorders, cough, bronchitis, worms, asthma, skin diseases, oedema, mucous disorders, anemia, digestive, support and nourished body, choleggue, hepatomegaly, liver disorders, loss of appetite, vertigo, hepatospleenomegaly, piles, indigestion, headache, weak vision, Externally for burns, skin diseases, leucoderma, hair loss, alopecia. |
| Embelia ribes | False Black Pepper | Vidanga | Fruit: carminative, anthelmintic, stimulant, alterative, anti-dyspeptic, anti-flatulent, skin diseases, rheumatisma, diuretic, laxative, purgative. |
| Eucalyptus globulus | Eucalyptus | Nilgiri Taila | External: deodorant, useful in skin disorders, anti-vermicular, wounds us cervix, wounded piles, smells in Cold and coryza, muscular and joints pain, myopathy: Internal: excessive salivation, digestive, antipyretic. |
| Ficus bengalensis | Banyan tree | Vata | Kaphha pitta shamak, nausea, diarrhoea, bloody dysentery, haemorrhages, bleeding, dysentery, anomaly of blood, bleeding from all orifices, discoloration of skin, bloody leucorrhoea, leucorrhoea, white discharges from vagina, help in pregnancy, anomaly of urine, Prameha, ueful for childless women, increased fertility in women. |
| Foeniculum vulgare | Fennel {TCM: 小茴香} | Shatapushpa | In Vata-pitta dosha, useful in mental weakness, weakness of eyesight, nausea, vomiting, weak appetite, flatulence, abdominal wind, abdominal colic, dysentery, piles, cardiac disorders, anomaly of blood, cough, bronchitis, pulmonary disorders, anomaly of urine and urination, fever, skin disorders, weakness, burning sensations. |
| Gaultheria fragrantissima | Indian Wintergreen | Gandapura | Oil: cures Vata, pain, stimulant, antipyeretic, brings sweats, diuretic, antispasmodic, removes pain of all kinds, useful in cardiac disorders, joint pain, sciatica, flatulence, wind formation in abdomen, rheumatic pain, myolitis. |
| Hippophae rhamnoides | Seabuckthorn {Chinese: 沙棘} | Bhasam [ashes]: for respiratory disorders, hiccough, asthma, cough, cardiac pain, glandular swellings, rheumatism, arthritis, tuberculosis, pulmonary disorders, joint pain, increases sexual desire in male and female, impotence. External: paste is applied in Pleuritis, Pneumonia, backache, painful inflammatory condition with swelling. | |
| Jasminum officinale | Jasmine | Jati | Cold nature, bitter taste, increases Vata and Kaphha Dosha, useful in burning pain wounds, anomaly of blood, oral problems, tooth problems, eye disorders, headache, migraine, antitoxic. Oil: cold, heals wounds, anomaly of blood, useful in skin, head and ophthalmic disorders, stomatitis. |
| Juglans regia | Walnut {TCM: 胡桃肉} | Akschota | In facial paralysis, cervical lymphadenitis, adenitis, ringworm, edema, dropsy, swelling, fistula, opium poisoning, devermicular, purgative, laxatives, provides strength, pulmonary tuberculosis, cardiac disorders, uric acid diathesis, gout, burning sensations, rheumotoid arthritis, syphilis, gonorrhoea, dermatitis, skin disorders and anomaly of blood, blood purifier. |
| Lilium polyphyllum | White Lily {Chinese: 百合} | Kshirakakoli | Increasing the quantity of semen, condensed semen, increasing lactations in feeding mothers, creates sexual excitement both in male and female, increases vitality, vigour. |
| Malus domestica | Apple {Chinese: 苹果} | Seva | |
| Mangifera indica | Mango | Amra | Raw: sour, tasteful, increases Vata and Pitta Dosha, Ripe, sweet: increases semen quality, appetiser, increases taste, wound healer, anomaly of blood, |
| Mimosa pudica | Sensitive plant | Lajjalu | For gynaecological disorders, skin disorders, bleeding piles, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea. |
| Melaleuca leucadendra | Tea Tree | Kayaputi | In hyperpyerexia, gout, uric acid, diarrhoea, skin disorders, bronchitis, cough, dermatitis, joints pain, muscular pain. |
| Mel despumatum | Honey {TCM: 峰蜜} | Madhu | Sweet, cool, easy to digest, for constipation, better for eyes and voice, beneficial to heart, heals wounds quickly, obesity, frequent urination, hiccough, asthma, bronchitis, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, emaciation, excessive thirst, haemorrhagic tendency, faintness, burning sensation, healing wounds. |
| Mentha arvensis | Mint | Putiha | |
| Mentha piperita | Peppermint {TCM: 薄荷} | Oils and crystal form: carminative, cool, analgesic, relives painful muscular conditions, smells in colds and coryza, relieves headache, sinusitis. Used both internally and externally. Very powerful effect. When use internally, use very small quantity (one drop in four divided doses) with precautions. | |
| Nardostachys jatamansi | Musk {Chinese: 麝香} | Jatamansi | |
| Pinus roxburghii | Chir Pine | Shrivasa | |
| Piper longum | Indian Long Pepper {Chinese: 荜茇} | Pippali | |
| Prunus amygdalus | Almond | Vatadha | |
| Punica granatum | Pomegranate {TCM: 石榴} | Dadima | |
| Rosmarinus officinalis | Rosemary | ||
| Salmalia malabarica | Silk Cotton Tree | Shalmali | |
| Santalum album | Sandalwood {Chinese: 檀香} | Chandana | |
| Sapindus mukorossi | Soapnut | Arishta | |
| Sesamum indicum | Sesame {Chinese: 芝麻} | Til | |
| Sesbania sesban | Egyptian Rattle Pod | Jayanti | |
| Shorea robusta | Sal tree | Shala | |
| Solanum lycopersicum | Tomato | ||
| Trigonella foenum-graecum | Fenugreek {Chinese: 胡庐巴} | Medhika | |
| Triticum aestivum | Common Wheat {Chinese: 小麦} | Godhuma | |
| Vetiveria zizanioides | Poppy[] | Ushira | |
| Vitex negundo | Five-leaved Chaste Tree | Nirgundi | |
| Vitis vinifera | Grape {Chinese: 白藜芦醇} | Draksha | |
| Wrightia tinctoria | Pala indigo plant | Hyamaraka | |
| Zanthoxylum alatum | Prickly ash | Tumburu | |
| Zingiber officinale | Ginger {TCM: 生姜 (fresh ginger), 干姜 (dry ginger)}[3] | Sunthi {Adrak (Fresh Ginger) & Shunthl (Dry Ginger)} | Digestive disorders, low appetite, indigestion, nausea, vomiting and motion sickness. |
| {Chemical name: Aluminium potassium sulfate} | Alum {TCM: 明礬} | Saurashtri | Internal: bloody dysentery, dysentery, worms, remittant and intermittent fever, anti-tussive, External: piles, wounds, traumatic wounds and conditions, stings, itching, eczema, conjunctivitis, leucorrhoea, otorrhoea, gonorrhoea, as gargle in pharyngitis, tonsillitis, throat problems. |
| Conch Shell | Shankha | Bhasam [ashes]: loss of appetite, indigestion, peptic ulcers, dueodenal ulcers, hyperacidity, bronchitis, hepatospleenomegaly, Gulma, asthma, cough, respiratory disorders. | |
| Sodium carbonate | Svarjikshara | Internal: constipation, diuretic, Gulmanashak, colic, pain abdominal, worms intestinal, flatulence, eructations, abdominal winds, tympenitis, irritable bowel syndrome. External: promotes suppuration of boils, burns, pimples, leucoderma, white patches of skin. | |
| Sodium bicarbonate | Tankana | First purify according of Ayurveda directions: increased digestive fire, Kaphha nashak, antitoxic, cough, bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary resoiratory disorders, antipyeritic, Gulm nashak, colic, bodyache, sensation of chilliness etc. spleenomegaly hyperacidity, diminished hunger, stomatitis. External: eczema, ringworm, itching of skin, mouth pain in aphthea, vaginal itching, leucorrhoea, hydrocele, mammary gland inflammation, toothache, black spot on face. | |
| Cowrie Shell | Varatika | Bhasam [ash]: used in colic of all nature, mucous colitis, dysentery, hyperacidity, weak assimilation, diarrhoea, gastritis, gas formation, flatulence, excessive thirst, tympenitis, rumbling in abdomen, loss of appetite, Irritable bowel syndromes, improves digestive power, asthma, bronchitis, otorrhoea, dry cough, Tuberculosis, exhaustive disease conditions, aphthea, stomatitis. | |
| Natural Zinc | Yashad Bhasma | Bhasam [ash]: ophthalmic disorders, night blindness, kaphha-pitta disorders, jaundice, liver disorders, hepatitis, anomalies of urine, diabetes, asthma, cysts, glands, diarrhoea, mucous colitis, dhatu kshaya, tuberculosis, bacillary dysentery, gonorrhoea, impotency, improves digestion, beneficial in vomiting and nausea. | |
| Botanical (Latin) Name | Common (English) Name | Sanskrit Name | Therapeutic Use (According to Ayurveda) |
इन्हें भी देखें
सन्दर्भ
- ↑ The Himalaya Drug Company (2004-01-01). Guide To Good Living. The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore 562 123, India.
- ↑ "संग्रहीत प्रति". मूल से 2 मार्च 2011 को पुरालेखित. अभिगमन तिथि 3 जनवरी 2011.
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herb_(General_Usage_Part_2)[मृत कड़ियाँ]