अभिकर्मकों की सूची
यहाँ रसायन विज्ञान में प्रायः उपयोग में आने वाले अकार्बनिक एवं कार्बनिक अभिकर्मकों की सूची दी गयी है।
अभिकर्मक
| नाम | सामान्य परिचय |
|---|---|
| एसिटिक अम्ल | यह एक कार्बनिक अम्ल है और सबसे सरल कार्बोजिलिक अम्लों में से एक है। |
| एसीटोन | यह एक कार्बनिक यौगिक है; सबसे सरल कीटोन |
| एसिटलीन | यह एक हाइड्रोकार्बन है और सरलतम एल्कीन है। ईंधन के रूप में प्रयुक्त तथा रसायन निर्माण का आधार (बिल्डिंग ब्लॉक) |
| अमोनिया | inorganic; the precursor to most nitrogen-containing compounds; used to make fertilizer |
| Ammonium hydroxide | aqueous ammonia; used in traditional qualitative inorganic analysis |
| Azobisisobutyronitrile | organic compound; often used as a foamer in plastics and rubber and as a radical initiator |
| Baeyer's reagent | is an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate; used in organic chemistry as a qualitative test for the presence of unsaturation, such as double bonds; |
| N-Bromosuccinimide | used in radical substitution and electrophilic addition reactions in organic chemistry |
| Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) | organic compound; similar solvent properties to acetone but has a significantly slower evaporation rate |
| Butylated hydroxytoluene | a fat-soluble organic compound that is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive |
| n-Butyllithium | an organolithium reagent; used as a polymerization initiator in the production of elastomers such as polybutadiene or styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) |
| Carbon disulfide | a non-polar solvent; used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry |
| Carbon tetrachloride | toxic, and its dissolving power is low; consequently, it has been largely superseded by deuterated solvents |
| Carbonyldiimidazole | often used for the coupling of amino acids for peptide synthesis and as a reagent in organic synthesis |
| Ceric ammonium nitrate | an inorganic compound; used as an oxidising agent in organic synthesis and as a standard oxidant in quantitative analysis |
| Chloroform | organic compound; often used as CDCl3 (deuterated chloroform) as a solvent for NMR spectroscopy and as a general solvent. |
| Chromic acid | a strong and corrosive oxidising agent; an intermediate in chromium plating |
| Chromium trioxide | the acidic anhydride of chromic acid; mainly used in chrome-plating |
| Collins reagent | used to selectively oxidize primary alcohols to an aldehyde |
| Copper(I) iodide | useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding |
| Dess–Martin periodinane | chemical reagent used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones |
| Diborane | the central organic synthesis reagent for hydroboration |
| Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide | an organic compound; primary use is to couple amino acids during artificial peptide synthesis |
| Diethyl azodicarboxylate | a valuable reagent but also quite dangerous and explodes upon heating |
| Diethyl ether | organic compound; a common laboratory solvent |
| Dihydropyran | a heterocyclic compound; used as a protecting group for alcohols in organic synthesis.[1][2] |
| Diisobutylaluminium hydride | an organoaluminium compound ; a reducing agent; converts esters and nitriles to aldehydes |
| Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate | the diisopropyl ester of azodicarboxylic acid; a reagent in the production of many organic compounds |
| Dimethyl ether | the simplest ether; a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant |
| Dimethylformamide | organic compound; a common solvent for chemical reactions |
| Dimethylsulfide | organosulfur compound; used in petroleum refining and in petrochemical production processes; a reducing agent in ozonolysis reactions |
| Dimethyl sulfoxide | an organosulfur compound; an important polar aprotic solvent that dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds |
| Dioxane | a heterocyclic organic compound; classified as an ether |
| Ethanol | a powerful psychoactive drug; used in alcoholic beverages, in thermometers, as a solvent, and as a fuel |
| Fehling's reagent | used to differentiate between water-soluble aldehyde and ketone functional groups |
| Fenton's reagent | a solution of hydrogen peroxide and an iron catalyst that is used to oxidize contaminants or waste waters |
| Formaldehyde | the simplest aldehyde; an important precursor to many other chemical compounds, such as polymers and polyfunctional alcohols |
| Formic acid | the simplest carboxylic acid; often used as a source of the hydride ion |
| Grignard reagents | the most common application is for alkylation of aldehydes and ketones:[3] |
| Hexamethylphosphoramide | a phosphoramide; useful polar aprotic solvent and additive in organic synthesis |
| Hydrazine | It's a good reducing agent and is used in the Wolff-Kishner reaction for reducing carbonyls to its corresponding alkanes. used as a foaming agent in preparing polymer foams; also a precursor to polymerization catalysts and pharmaceuticals; also as an Oxygen scavenger in Power Plants |
| Hydrazoic acid | used primarily for preservation of stock solutions, and as a reagent |
| Hydrochloric acid | a highly corrosive, strong mineral acid with many industrial uses |
| Hydrofluoric acid | valued source of fluorine, precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals; highly corrosive |
| Hydrogen peroxide | an oxidizer commonly used as a bleach |
| Imidazole | an organic compound; this aromatic heterocyclic is a diazole and is classified as an alkaloid |
| Isopropyl alcohol | simplest example of a secondary alcohol; dissolves a wide range of non-polar compounds |
| Lime | used in Flue Gas Desulphurisation in Power Plants |
| Limestone | used in Flue Gas Desulphurisation in Power Plants |
| Lithium aluminium hydride | a reducing agent in organic synthesis; used to prepare main group and transition metal hydrides from the corresponding metal halides |
| Lithium diisopropylamide | strong base used in organic chemistry for the deprotonation of weakly acidic compounds |
| Manganese dioxide | used as a pigment and as a precursor to other manganese compounds; used as a reagent in organic synthesis for the oxidation of allylic alcohols |
| Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid | used as an oxidant in organic synthesis |
| Methyl tert-butyl ether | a gasoline additive; also used in organic chemistry as a relatively inexpensive solvent |
| Millon's reagent | an analytical reagent used to detect the presence of soluble proteins |
| Nitric acid | highly corrosive and toxic strong acid; used for the production of fertilizers, production of explosives, and as a component of aqua regia |
| Osmium tetroxide | in organic synthesis, is widely used to oxidise alkenes to the vicinal diols |
| Oxalyl chloride | used in organic synthesis for the preparation of acid chlorides from the corresponding carboxylic acids |
| Palladium(II) acetate | a catalyst for many organic reactions by combining with many common classes of organic compounds to form reactive adduct |
| Perchloric acid | a powerful oxidizing agent; readily forms explosive mixtures; mainly used in the production of rocket fuel |
| Phosphoric acid | a mineral acid with many industrial uses; commonly used in the laboratory preparation of hydrogen halides |
| Phosphorus pentachloride | one of the most important phosphorus chlorides; a chlorinating reagent. Also used as a dehydrating agent for oximes which turn them into nitriles. |
| Phosphorus tribromide | used for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl bromides |
| Phosphorus trichloride | most important of the three phosphorus chlorides; used to manufacture organophosphorus compounds; used to convert primary and secondary alcohols into alkyl chlorides, or carboxylic acids into acyl chlorides |
| Phosphoryl chloride | used to make phosphate esters such as tricresyl phosphate |
| Potassium dichromate | a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications |
| Potassium hydroxide | a strong base; precursor to most soft and liquid soaps as well as numerous potassium-containing chemicals |
| Potassium permanganate | a strong oxidizing agent; can be used to quantitatively determine the total oxidisable organic material in an aqueous sample; a reagent for the synthesis of organic compounds |
| Pyridinium chlorochromate | used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes and secondary alcohols to ketones |
| Pyridinium dichromate (Cornforth reagent) | converts primary and secondary alcohols to ketones |
| Raney nickel | an alternative catalyst for the hydrogenation of vegetable oils; in organic synthesis, used for desulfurization |
| Samarium(II) iodide (Kagan Reagent) | a powerful reducing agent |
| Silver oxide | used to prepare other silver compounds; in organic chemistry, used as a mild oxidizing agent |
| Silver nitrate | precursor to many other silver compounds; commonly used in inorganic chemistry to abstract halides |
| Sodium amide | used in the industrial production of indigo, hydrazine, and sodium cyanide;[4] used for the drying of ammonia; used as a strong base in organic chemistry |
| Sodium azide | gas-forming component in airbag systems; used in organic synthesis to introduce the azide functional group by displacement of halides |
| Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide | a strong base; deprotonates ketones and esters to generate enolate derivative |
| Sodium borohydride | a versatile reducing agent; converts ketones and aldehydes to alcohols |
| Sodium chlorite | in organic synthesis, used for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids |
| Sodium hydride | a strong base used in organic synthesis |
| Sodium hydroxide | strong base with many industrial uses; in the laboratory, used with acids to produce the corresponding salt, also used as an electrolyte |
| Sodium hypochlorite | frequently used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent |
| Sodium nitrite | used to convert amines into diazo compounds |
| Sulfuric acid | strong mineral acid; major industrial use is the production of phosphoric acid |
| tert-Butyl hydroperoxide | used in a variety of oxidation processes; industrially, is used as a starter of radical polymerization |
| Tetrahydrofuran | one of the most polar ethers; a useful solvent; its main use is as a precursor to polymers |
| Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) | a catalyst for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions |
| Tetramethylammonium hydroxide | a quaternary ammonium salt; used as an anisotropic etchant of silicon; used as a basic solvent in the development of acidic photoresist in the photolithography process |
| Tetramethylsilane | the simplest tetraorganosilane; a building block in organometallic chemistry |
| Thionyl chloride | an inorganic compound; used in chlorination reactions; converts carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides[5] |
| Thiophenol | an organosulfur compound; the simplest aromatic thiol |
| Titanium tetrachloride | an intermediate in the production of titanium metal and titanium dioxide |
| Tollens' reagent | a chemical test most commonly used to determine whether a known carbonyl-containing compound is an aldehyde or a ketone |
| Triphenylphosphine | used in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds |
इन्हें भी देखें
सन्दर्भ
- ↑ साँचा:OrgSynth
- ↑ साँचा:OrgSynth
- ↑ Haugan, Jarle André; Songe, Pål; Rømming, Christian; Rise, Frode; Hartshorn, Michael P.; Merchán, Manuela; Robinson, Ward T.; Roos, Björn O.; Vallance, Claire; Wood, Bryan R. (1997), "Total Synthesis of C31-Methyl Ketone Apocarotenoids 2: The First Total Synthesis of (3R)-Triophaxanthin" (PDF), Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 51: 1096–1103, डीओआइ:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.51-1096, मूल से 11 अगस्त 2011 को पुरालेखित (PDF), अभिगमन तिथि 2009-11-26
- ↑ साँचा:Merck12th
- ↑ साँचा:OrgSynth; साँचा:OrgSynth